Introduction to Geoscience

GEOLOGY

Introduction : The Reservoir Lifecycle - Exploration - History of Petroleum - World Energy, Reserves & Economics.

Geology in General : Geological principles - Earth structure and plate tectonics - Geological time - Major rock types.

The Petroleum System : Elements - Processes of hydrocarbon generation - Source and reservoir rocks - Traps and seals, definition & types - Timing - components of a prospect

Depositional Systems : Sedimentary rock types - Clastic systems (eolian, fluvial, deltaic, marine) - Carbonate systems (reefs, platforms, ramps) - Differences and recovery efficiency

Structural Geology : Structural style and stress fields - Folds and faults - Unconformities and Salt - Fracture systems.

(Exercises, Case Histories, and videos as applicable)

GEOLOGY

Pore Systems : Characterizing the pore system - Clastic and Carbonate porosity and permeability - Diagenesis - Clay types and distributions.

Geological Mapping and Correlation : Geological maps - Contouring concepts - Structural and stratigraphic cross-sections - Correlation - Mapping terminology

Geological Modeling : Building a static reservoir model - Input datatypes - Reservoir heterogeneity and scale - Modeling Techniques - Using Seismic Data in Modeling

Unconventional Resources : Shale as a source - Unconventional Gas and Oil - History, Definitions, Economics

The Business of Geology : Exploration programs - The petroleum play - Reserves and risk - Development economics

(Exercises, Case Histories, and videos as applicable)

GEOPHYSICS

Introduction : Seismic industry and market - Geophysical methods - Influence of seismic on reservoir value - What concerns us about seismic

Basic Principles : The seismic method - Seismic records (shot, gather, stack) - Acquisition & processing - Seismic waves and velocities

Marine Seismic Acquisition : Marine acquisition equipment - Sources and receivers - Steering and positioning - Ocean-bottom seismic

Land Seismic Acquisition : Land acquisition equipment - Sources and receivers - Land survey planning - New technologies

Data Processing and Imaging : Signal and noise - Multiples and regularization - Velocity modeling - Imaging and migration

(Exercises, Case Histories and videos as applicable)

GEOPHYSICS

Seismic Interpretation : 2D versus 3D - Structure and faults - Mapping and stratigraphy - Time-lapse seismic (4D) - Seismic attributes and uses

Borehole Seismic : Concept & acquisition - VSP methods - Merging with surface seismic - Correlating with wireline logs

Life of Field Seismic : Contribution to improved recovery - Exploration, Appraisal, Production examples - Reservoir management

Seismic Proof of Value : Case Histories

PETROPHYSICS

Introduction : History - Modern logging - Key determinations

Basics of Logging : The wireline method - Resolution - Tool conveyance methods - Logging while drilling

Logging Tools and Measurements : Lithology tools - Resistivity tools - Porosity tools

(Exercises, case histories, and videos as applicable)

PETROPHYSICS

Reservoir Parameters : Lithology - Porosity and permeability - Resistivity and invasion - Shale volume and effect

Log Interpretation : Interpretation workflow - Determination of reservoir interval - Shale corrections - Calculation of porosity and fluid saturation - Crossplot methods

Mud Logging : Logging equipment & principle - Cuttings sample description - The mud log - Pore pressure and "d" exponent

Coring and Core Analysis : Coring methods (whole and sidewall) - Wellsite core handling - Standard Core analysis - Core-log integration

Geomechanics : Impact in the oilfield lifecycle - Mechanical earth model - Wellbore stability and fracturing

(Exercises, Case Histories and videos as applicable)