Crude Oil Fundamentals

• Pre-test

• Petroleum fluid properties and phase behavior

  Chemistry of petroleum
  Petroleum reservoir fluids
  Plus fraction concept
  Phase behavior and envelopes
  Crude oil properties
  Methods determining the properties
  Use of software: Components selection, fluid characterization, fluid package and transport properties, and thermodynamic selection

• Sand control
  Consequences of sand production
  Technologies used in subsurface to control sand
  Technologies used in surface to control sand
  Sand monitoring Fluid of flow
  

• Single phase: Liquid and Gas
  Equations
  Hydraulic analysis
  Thermal analysis
  Use of Pipesim

• Multiphase flow

  Multiphase flow fundamentals (flow regimes, pressure gradients, liquid holdup)
  Development of mechanistic models Discussion of the best models to use
  Discussion of the accuracy of the best models
  Discussion of the most difficult prediction areas
  Hydraulic analysis
  Thermal analysis
  Use of Pipesim

• Flow assurances

Hydrate: Mechanism of formation and mitigation strategies
Wax: Mechanism of formation and mitigation strategies
Asphaltene: Mechanism of formation and mitigation strategies
Use of Pipesim

• Gas liquid separation

Classification of oil separators
Primary functions of oil separators
Secondary functions of oil and gas separators
Separation stages
VLE and thermodynamic principles
Methods used to remove gas from oil in separators
Two phase separators (Horizontal and vertical separator)
Three phase separators (Horizontal and vertical separator)
Separator internals
Design

• Oil dehydration and desalting

Emulsion
Emulsion formation
Emulsion stability
Emulsion destabilization
Dehydration’
Dehydration processes and equipment
Physical Plant Equipment (Basic PID Review of all included plants) 
Design and sizing calculations
Applications
Instrumentation (Monitoring Key Variables)

• Crude Oil Desalting

Oil desalting principles

Equipment and technology

Desalting Electrostatic theory

Operation and design considerations

Instrumentation (Monitoring Key Variables)

• Crude Oil Stabilization and Sweetening

Vapor pressure fundamentals

Sour and sweet oil concepts

Safety, operation and design considerations

Process configuration. Use of software

• Metering system

Flow meters

Back allocation

Fiscalization

• Gas Processing and Gas conditioning (using software)

Gas dehydration processes

Gas sweetening processes

NGL extraction processes

• Compression and pumping (Use of software)

Crude oil pumping system

Type of pumps

Performance curves

Design and selection

Gas compression

Type of compressor

Thermodynamic or Compression

Estimation of the thermodynamic properties

Flow diagram to prepare compression stages

Simulation of pipelines

• Safeguarding system: Blowdown, relief valve

Shutdown system

Pressure relieves

General

Depressurization

Relief and venting

Flaring

Cold Flare

Cold vent