International Arbitration for oil and gas agreements

• Introduction 

• Development of International Petroleum Arrangements 

• Oil Concessions Prior to the 1950s 

• The Major Changes in the Concession System 

• The Financial Improvement 

• The Equal Sharing of Oil Profits 

• Price control 

• Other financial terms 

• The relinquishment concept 

• Working obligations 

• State Participation 

• Major Factors leading to the change 

• Emergence of New Contractual Arrangements 

• The Modern Concession Contracts 

• The Production Sharing Contracts 

• Participation Agreements (Joint Venture) 

• Service Contracts 

• The Pure Service Contracts 

• The Risk Service Contracts 

• The Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements 

• The Importance of Determining the Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements 

• Contractual and Regulatory Elements in the Petroleum Agreement 

• Contractual Elements 

• Regulatory Elements 

• The Contrasting views 

• The Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements: An Appraisal 

• The Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements 

• The Importance of Determining the Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements 

• Contractual and Regulatory Elements in the Petroleum Agreement 

• Contractual Elements 

• Regulatory Elements 

• The Contrasting views 

• The Legal Nature of International Petroleum Agreements: An Appraisal

• Non-Discrimination 

• Compensation 

• Conclusion 

• Indirect expropriation and the international petroleum industry 

• Introduction 

• Terminology 

• Direct and Indirect Expropriations: Distinction and Examples 

• The Test for Indirect Expropriation 

• Indirect Expropriation and Modern Investment Treaties 

• The Contribution of International Petroleum Arbitral Practice to the Question of Indirect Expropriation 

• Conclusion 

• Stabilization clauses and international petroleum agreements 

• Introduction 

• Stabilization Clauses Defined 

• Petroleum Development Agreements: the Need for Stability 

• Typology of Stabilization Clauses 

• Validity and Efficacy of the Stabilization Clause 

• Stabilization Clauses and the Applicable Law 

• The Effect of Stabilization Clauses under National Law 

• The Effect of Stabilization Clauses under International Law 

• Scholarly Opinion 

• The Effect of Stabilization Clauses as Articulated by the Petroleum Arbitral Practice 

• Renegotiation of international petroleum agreements 

• Introduction 

• The Re-negotiability of International Petroleum Agreements: Stability v. Flexibility 

• The Renegotiation of International Petroleum Contracts in the Absence of a Renegotiation Clause 

• The Adaptation Concepts Provided by the Law Applicable to International Petroleum Agreements 

• The Major Legal Systems of the World 

• Common Law Systems 

• Civil Law 

• Arab Laws and Islamic Law 

• International Law 

• The Renegotiation of Contracts through Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses 

• The Renegotiation of Contracts that Contain a Renegotiation Clause 

• The Effect of Renegotiation clauses Used in the International Petroleum Agreements and their Problem Areas 

• The Triggering Events for Renegotiation 

• The Extent of Contract Change by Virtue of renegotiation Clause 

• Problem Areas of the Renegotiation Procedure 

• The Duty to Renegotiate 

• Failed Renegotiations 

• What is “International Commercial Arbitration”?

• Dispute Settlement 

• Third party involvement in dispute settlement 

• Arbitration as a dispute settlement mechanism 

• Definition of “arbitration” 

• Arbitration is a mechanism for the settlement of disputes

• An arbitration is consensual 

• Arbitration is a private procedure 

• Arbitration leads to a final and binding determination of

• The Contribution of International Petroleum Arbitral Practice to the Concept of Renegotiation

• The rights and obligations of the parties 

• Foreign arbitration and international arbitration 

• Difference between a domestic arbitration and an

• “international” arbitration 

• Definition of an international arbitration 

• Why parties choose international commercial arbitration 

• Arbitration in general 

• International commercial arbitration

• History of International Commercial Arbitration 

• General background 

• The growth of international commercial arbitration 1920 to 1950 20

• The growth of international commercial arbitration 1950 to the present 22

• Development of investment arbitration 

• Summary

• Legal regime governing international commercial arbitration 

• Arbitration practice

• Dispute Settlement on the edge of international commercial arbitration 

• Investment disputes 

• Iran-United States Claims Tribunal 

• Domain name dispute resolution procedures 

• Summary